Our intellectual heritage for thousands of years, most strongly developed in the past few hundred Our intellectual heritage for thousands of years, most strongly developed in the past few hundred years of science, has been to see ourselves as separate from the rest of nature, to convince ourselves we see it objectively -- at a distance from ourselves -- and to perceive, or at least model it, as a vast mechanism.
This objective mechanical worldview was founded in ancient Greece when philosophers divided into two schools of thought about the world. One school held that all nature, including humans, was alive and self-creative, ever making order from disorder. The other held that the `real' world could be known only through pure reason, not through direct experience, and was God's geometric creation, permanently mechanical and perfect behind our illusion of its disorder.
This mechanical/religious worldview superseded the older one of living nature to become the foundation of the whole Western worldview up to the present.
Philosophers such as Pythagoras, Parmenides, and Plato were thus the founding fathers of our mechanical worldview, though Galileo, Descartes, and other men of the Renaissance translated it into the scientific and technological enterprise that has dominated human experience ever since.
What if things had gone the other way? What if Thales, Anaximander, and Heraclitus, the organic philosophers who saw all the cosmos as alive, had won the day back in that ancient Greek debate?
What if Galileo, as he experimented with both telescope and microscope, had used the latter to seek evidence for Anaximander's theory of biological evolution here on Earth, rather than looking to the skies for confirmation of Aristarchus's celestial mechanics? In other words, what if modern science and our view of human society had evolved from organic biology rather than from mechanical physics?
I couldn't say. We must here make a clear distinction between belief and faith, because, in general practice, belief has come to mean a state of mind which is almost the opposite of faith. Belief, as I use the word here, is the insistence that the truth is what one would “lief” or wish it to be. The believer will open his mind to the truth on the condition that it fits in with his preconceived ideas and wishes. Faith, on the other hand, is an unreserved opening of the mind to the truth, whatever it may turn out to be. Faith has no preconceptions; it is a plunge into the unknown. Belief clings, but faith lets go. In this sense of the word, faith is the essential virtue of science, and likewise of any religion that is not self-deception.
The discussion clarifies that in quantum physics, waves and fields are distinct concepts, not interchangeable terms. Waves are phenomena described by differential equations, while fields represent values at every point in space and time, such as temperature or wind. Quantum Field Theory posits that the universe's fundamental components are fields, which can ripple and generate particles, contrasting with the earlier notion of waves as physical entities. The analogy of ocean waves versus the ocean itself illustrates that while they may share a 'substance,' they are fundamentally different. Ultimately, understanding the difference between waves and fields is crucial for grasping the principles of quantum mechanics.
The equation, E=hf, is referred to as the Planck relation or the Planck-Einstein relation. The letter h is named after Planck, as Planck’s constant. Energy (E) is related to this constant h, and to the frequency (f) of the electromagnetic wave.
Electromagnetic Wave Frequency = Speed of Light \ Wavelength
In energy wave theory, Planck’s relation describes the energy of a transverse wave, emitted or absorbed as an electron transitions energy levels in an atom. When an electron is contained within an atom, destructive wave interference between protons in the nucleus and the electron causes destructive waves, resulting in binding energy. This binding energy becomes the energy of a photon that is released when an electron is captured or moves states in an atom. The electron’s vibration causes a transverse wave and the photon’s energy is based on the frequency of this vibration.
The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted c, is a universal physical constant exactly equal to 299,792,458 metres per second (approximately 1 billion kilometres per hour; 700 million miles per hour). It is exact because, by international agreement, a metre is defined as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1⁄299792458 second. The speed of light is the same for all observers, no matter their relative velocity. It is the upper limit for the speed at which information, matter, or energy can travel through space.
Has anyone ever considered that since our Universe is defined by and constrained by the speed of light that maybe Inflation and the Hot Big Bang were the result of a deceleration of some cosmic field or substance (I call it Apeiron) that has a wave frequency speed that is faster, perhaps many times faster, than the speed of light? And what if Black Holes are the acceleration of matter’s quantum wave state back into Apeiron that has a wave frequency speed faster than the speed of light? And what if that “new” Apeiron filling-up the Universe is what is causing the Expansion of our Universe. And what if Dark Matter is Apeiron with a wave frequency speed that is faster than the speed of light?
Our Universe exists in a sea of Apeiron (see Anaximander) just like fish exist in a sea of water, and just like water transforms into a solid when its temperature is lowered, likewise the Apeiron becomes quantized and transforms into the Standard Model of Particle Physics when its wave frequency speed is decelerated down to the speed of light.
When the temperature of water decreases, the water transforms into a solid called ice, and that decreases the quantity of liquid water.
When the temperature increases the solid called ice is transformed back into water increasing the quantity of water.
When the Apeiron decelerates down to the speed of light the Apeiron becomes quantized and transforms into solids called “The Standard Model of Particle Physics,” and that decreases the quantity of Apeiron.
When “The Standard Model of Particle Physics” are accelerated and condensed in a Black Hole back into Apeiron, the quantity of Apeiron is increased.
The increase in Apeiron being created in Black Holes is the “substance” that is causing the expansion of the Universe, just like raisin bread dough in an oven expands causing the raisins to spread further apart.
Note: “The Standard Model of Particle Physics” refers to Apeiron whose wave frequency speed has been decelerated down to the speed of light. Black Holes accelerate “The Standard Model of Particle Physics” back into Apeiron with a wave frequency speed that is faster than the speed of light.
Since the Cosmology community seems to be stuck trying to define Dark Matter and why our Universe is composed of ≈5% Fermions & Bosons (Normal Matter) and ≈26.8% Dark Matter and ≈68.2% Dark Energy, here's a little "thinking outside of the box" that provides an unexplored new framework that might possibly provide an explanation. I hope you will take a few minutes to give this hypothesis a little consideration.
Before Inflation and the Hot Big Bang there were no photons, there was no light, and there was no "speed of light" limit or constraints.
What if the Cosmos is composed of a "something" that has a wave frequency speed many times faster than the speed of light? Let that "something" be called Apeiron.
What if ≈13.8 billion years ago there occurred a "quantum fluctuation" in the Apeiron field causing an instant of Apeiron to decelerate all the way down to the speed of light resulting in the Apeiron field to be quantized into Fermions and Bosons?
What if that instant of deceleration also initiated a chain reaction of adjoining Apeiron to decelerate down to the speed of light causing an outbound propagating spherical wave leaving behind in its wake a sea of Fermions and Bosons?
What if that outbound propagating spherical wave was the Inflation of our Universe and the resultant sea of vibrating/oscillating Fermions created the heat that made the Big Bang Hot?
What if the outbound propagating spherical wave dissipated in its intensity as it propagated outbound such that the initial deceleration of the Apeiron field was intense enough to decelerate the Apeiron field all the way down to the speed of light, but then the wave intensity dissipated such that further out Apeiron wasn't decelerated all the way down to the speed of light resulting in Apeiron with a wave frequency speed that is faster than the speed of light, and that Apeiron is the Dark Matter of our Universe?
What if the Black Holes at the center of Spiral Galaxies is the accelerating and condensing of Normal Matter back into Apeiron with a wave frequency speed faster than the speed of light and that "new" Apeiron is the substance that is causing the Expansion of our Universe and spreading of the Galaxies further apart from one another?
What if the Apeiron is what makes possible quantum entanglement across cosmological distances at speeds faster than the speed of light?
A New Hypothetical Framework for the Origin and Evolution of our Universe
“The (electric field) force will fall off (dissipate) as an inverse-square law, just as in Newtonian gravity.”
“What if the outbound propagating spherical wave dissipated in its intensity as it propagated outbound such that the initial deceleration of the Apeiron field was intense enough to decelerate the Apeiron field down to the speed of light, but then the wave intensity dissipated such that further out Apeiron wasn't decelerated down to the speed of light resulting in Apeiron with a wave frequency speed that is faster than the speed of light, and that Apeiron is the Dark Matter?“
A One-Page Summary That Encompasses The Origin and Evolution of Our Universe.
An Apeiron Cycle Hypothesis where the Universe exists within a sea of Apeiron just like fish exist in a sea of water, and just like water transforms into a solid when its temperature is lowered, likewise, the Apeiron becomes quantized and transforms into particles when its wave frequency speed is decelerated down to the speed of light.
Why is our Universe is composed of ≈4.9% Normal Matter and ≈26.8% Dark Matter and ≈68.3% Dark Energy.
Before Inflation and the Hot Big Bang there were no photons, there was no light, and there was no "speed of light" limit.
What if the Cosmos is composed of a "something" that has a wave frequency speed faster than the speed of light? Let that "something" be called Apeiron. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apeiron)
What if ≈13.8 billion years ago there occurred a "quantum fluctuation" in the Apeiron field causing an instant of Apeiron to decelerate down to the speed of light resulting in the Apeiron field to be quantized into particles?
What if that instant of deceleration also initiated a chain reaction of adjoining Apeiron to also decelerate down to the speed of light causing an outbound propagating spherical wave leaving behind in its wake a hot sea of vibrating particles (Inflation)?
What if the outbound propagating spherical wave dissipated in its intensity as it propagated outbound such that the initial deceleration of the Apeiron field was intense enough to decelerate the Apeiron field down to the speed of light, but then the wave intensity dissipated such that further out Apeiron wasn't decelerated down to the speed of light resulting in Apeiron with a wave frequency speed that is faster than the speed of light, and that Apeiron is the Dark Matter?
What if the Black Holes at the center of Galaxies is the acceleration of Normal Matter back into Apeiron, which is causing the Expansion of the Universe?
Does the image of the Cosmic Microwave Background show just the 4.9% of Normal Matter (The Standard Model of Particle Physics) that the Universe is composed of?
Do the Laws of Nature, Laws of Classical Physics, and Laws of Quantum Physics apply to just the 4.9% of Normal Matter?
Our Universe exists in a sea of Apeiron (see Anaximander) just like fish exist in a sea of water, and just like water transforms into a solid when its temperature is lowered, likewise the Apeiron becomes quantized and transforms into the Standard Model of Particle Physics when its wave frequency speed is decelerated down to the speed of light.
When the temperature of water decreases, the water transforms into a solid called ice, and that decreases the quantity of liquid water.
When the temperature increases the solid called ice is transformed back into water increasing the quantity of water.
When the Apeiron decelerates down to the speed of light the Apeiron becomes quantized and transforms into solids called “The Standard Model of Particle Physics,” and that decreases the quantity of Apeiron.
When “The Standard Model of Particle Physics” are accelerated and condensed in a Black Hole back into Apeiron, the quantity of Apeiron is increased.
The increase in Apeiron being created in Black Holes is the “substance” that is causing the expansion of the Universe, just like raisin bread dough in an oven expands causing the raisins to spread further apart.
Note: “The Standard Model of Particle Physics” refers to Apeiron whose wave frequency speed has been decelerated down to the speed of light. Black Holes accelerate “The Standard Model of Particle Physics” back into Apeiron with a wave frequency speed that is faster than the speed of light.
Is all matter made up of both particles and waves?
Wave-particle duality is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, which is our modern theory of how subatomic particles behave. The duality states that all particles (in fact, all objects) have a wave-like property associated with them.
In 1924, French physics doctoral student Louis de Broglie proposed that matter has a wave-like property.
Elisabet Sahtouris wrote:
Our intellectual heritage for thousands of years, most strongly developed in the past few hundred Our intellectual heritage for thousands of years, most strongly developed in the past few hundred years of science, has been to see ourselves as separate from the rest of nature, to convince ourselves we see it objectively -- at a distance from ourselves -- and to perceive, or at least model it, as a vast mechanism.
This objective mechanical worldview was founded in ancient Greece when philosophers divided into two schools of thought about the world. One school held that all nature, including humans, was alive and self-creative, ever making order from disorder. The other held that the `real' world could be known only through pure reason, not through direct experience, and was God's geometric creation, permanently mechanical and perfect behind our illusion of its disorder.
This mechanical/religious worldview superseded the older one of living nature to become the foundation of the whole Western worldview up to the present.
Philosophers such as Pythagoras, Parmenides, and Plato were thus the founding fathers of our mechanical worldview, though Galileo, Descartes, and other men of the Renaissance translated it into the scientific and technological enterprise that has dominated human experience ever since.
What if things had gone the other way? What if Thales, Anaximander, and Heraclitus, the organic philosophers who saw all the cosmos as alive, had won the day back in that ancient Greek debate?
What if Galileo, as he experimented with both telescope and microscope, had used the latter to seek evidence for Anaximander's theory of biological evolution here on Earth, rather than looking to the skies for confirmation of Aristarchus's celestial mechanics? In other words, what if modern science and our view of human society had evolved from organic biology rather than from mechanical physics?
Organic biology evolved from chemistry and chemistry evolved from physics.
I believe that all life that has ever existed evolved from one single event.
I couldn't say. We must here make a clear distinction between belief and faith, because, in general practice, belief has come to mean a state of mind which is almost the opposite of faith. Belief, as I use the word here, is the insistence that the truth is what one would “lief” or wish it to be. The believer will open his mind to the truth on the condition that it fits in with his preconceived ideas and wishes. Faith, on the other hand, is an unreserved opening of the mind to the truth, whatever it may turn out to be. Faith has no preconceptions; it is a plunge into the unknown. Belief clings, but faith lets go. In this sense of the word, faith is the essential virtue of science, and likewise of any religion that is not self-deception.
What is the difference between a wave and a field?
Reference: https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/what-is-the-difference-between-a-wave-and-a-field.950778/
The discussion clarifies that in quantum physics, waves and fields are distinct concepts, not interchangeable terms. Waves are phenomena described by differential equations, while fields represent values at every point in space and time, such as temperature or wind. Quantum Field Theory posits that the universe's fundamental components are fields, which can ripple and generate particles, contrasting with the earlier notion of waves as physical entities. The analogy of ocean waves versus the ocean itself illustrates that while they may share a 'substance,' they are fundamentally different. Ultimately, understanding the difference between waves and fields is crucial for grasping the principles of quantum mechanics.
Reference: https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/what-is-the-difference-between-a-wave-and-a-field.950778/
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/what-is-the-difference-between-a-wave-and-a-field.950778/
Planck Constant:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_constant
- - - - - - - - - -
The equation, E=hf, is referred to as the Planck relation or the Planck-Einstein relation. The letter h is named after Planck, as Planck’s constant. Energy (E) is related to this constant h, and to the frequency (f) of the electromagnetic wave.
Electromagnetic Wave Frequency = Speed of Light \ Wavelength
In energy wave theory, Planck’s relation describes the energy of a transverse wave, emitted or absorbed as an electron transitions energy levels in an atom. When an electron is contained within an atom, destructive wave interference between protons in the nucleus and the electron causes destructive waves, resulting in binding energy. This binding energy becomes the energy of a photon that is released when an electron is captured or moves states in an atom. The electron’s vibration causes a transverse wave and the photon’s energy is based on the frequency of this vibration.
https://energywavetheory.com/equations/ehf/
Planck Constant: Solving for the classical constants in Eq. 1.3.11 for Planck constant yields the accurate numerical value and units.
https://energywavetheory.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Planck-solved.png
Planck Constants:
https://energywavetheory.com/equations/classical-constants/
The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted c, is a universal physical constant exactly equal to 299,792,458 metres per second (approximately 1 billion kilometres per hour; 700 million miles per hour). It is exact because, by international agreement, a metre is defined as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1⁄299792458 second. The speed of light is the same for all observers, no matter their relative velocity. It is the upper limit for the speed at which information, matter, or energy can travel through space.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light
Sent to Adam Becker contact:
https://freelanceastrophysicist.com/
Has anyone ever considered that since our Universe is defined by and constrained by the speed of light that maybe Inflation and the Hot Big Bang were the result of a deceleration of some cosmic field or substance (I call it Apeiron) that has a wave frequency speed that is faster, perhaps many times faster, than the speed of light? And what if Black Holes are the acceleration of matter’s quantum wave state back into Apeiron that has a wave frequency speed faster than the speed of light? And what if that “new” Apeiron filling-up the Universe is what is causing the Expansion of our Universe. And what if Dark Matter is Apeiron with a wave frequency speed that is faster than the speed of light?
https://open.substack.com/pub/william3n4z2/p/a-new-hypothetical-framework-for?r=1kb28q&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&showWelcomeOnShare=false
What if….
Our Universe exists in a sea of Apeiron (see Anaximander) just like fish exist in a sea of water, and just like water transforms into a solid when its temperature is lowered, likewise the Apeiron becomes quantized and transforms into the Standard Model of Particle Physics when its wave frequency speed is decelerated down to the speed of light.
When the temperature of water decreases, the water transforms into a solid called ice, and that decreases the quantity of liquid water.
When the temperature increases the solid called ice is transformed back into water increasing the quantity of water.
When the Apeiron decelerates down to the speed of light the Apeiron becomes quantized and transforms into solids called “The Standard Model of Particle Physics,” and that decreases the quantity of Apeiron.
When “The Standard Model of Particle Physics” are accelerated and condensed in a Black Hole back into Apeiron, the quantity of Apeiron is increased.
The increase in Apeiron being created in Black Holes is the “substance” that is causing the expansion of the Universe, just like raisin bread dough in an oven expands causing the raisins to spread further apart.
Note: “The Standard Model of Particle Physics” refers to Apeiron whose wave frequency speed has been decelerated down to the speed of light. Black Holes accelerate “The Standard Model of Particle Physics” back into Apeiron with a wave frequency speed that is faster than the speed of light.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apeiron
Since the Cosmology community seems to be stuck trying to define Dark Matter and why our Universe is composed of ≈5% Fermions & Bosons (Normal Matter) and ≈26.8% Dark Matter and ≈68.2% Dark Energy, here's a little "thinking outside of the box" that provides an unexplored new framework that might possibly provide an explanation. I hope you will take a few minutes to give this hypothesis a little consideration.
Before Inflation and the Hot Big Bang there were no photons, there was no light, and there was no "speed of light" limit or constraints.
What if the Cosmos is composed of a "something" that has a wave frequency speed many times faster than the speed of light? Let that "something" be called Apeiron.
What if ≈13.8 billion years ago there occurred a "quantum fluctuation" in the Apeiron field causing an instant of Apeiron to decelerate all the way down to the speed of light resulting in the Apeiron field to be quantized into Fermions and Bosons?
What if that instant of deceleration also initiated a chain reaction of adjoining Apeiron to decelerate down to the speed of light causing an outbound propagating spherical wave leaving behind in its wake a sea of Fermions and Bosons?
What if that outbound propagating spherical wave was the Inflation of our Universe and the resultant sea of vibrating/oscillating Fermions created the heat that made the Big Bang Hot?
What if the outbound propagating spherical wave dissipated in its intensity as it propagated outbound such that the initial deceleration of the Apeiron field was intense enough to decelerate the Apeiron field all the way down to the speed of light, but then the wave intensity dissipated such that further out Apeiron wasn't decelerated all the way down to the speed of light resulting in Apeiron with a wave frequency speed that is faster than the speed of light, and that Apeiron is the Dark Matter of our Universe?
What if the Black Holes at the center of Spiral Galaxies is the accelerating and condensing of Normal Matter back into Apeiron with a wave frequency speed faster than the speed of light and that "new" Apeiron is the substance that is causing the Expansion of our Universe and spreading of the Galaxies further apart from one another?
What if the Apeiron is what makes possible quantum entanglement across cosmological distances at speeds faster than the speed of light?
A New Hypothetical Framework for the Origin and Evolution of our Universe
https://open.substack.com/pub/william3n4z2/p/a-new-hypothetical-framework-for?r=1kb28q&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&showWelcomeOnShare=false
How The Universe Might Have Come Into Existence
https://open.substack.com/pub/william3n4z2/p/how-the-universe-might-have-come?r=1kb28q&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&showWelcomeOnShare=false
An Apeiron Cycle Hypothesis
https://open.substack.com/pub/william3n4z2/p/apeiron-cycle-hypothesis-rev-1?r=1kb28q&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&showWelcomeOnShare=false
From: Quanta and Fields by Sean Carroll
Location 167 of 744 (Kindle ebook)
“The (electric field) force will fall off (dissipate) as an inverse-square law, just as in Newtonian gravity.”
“What if the outbound propagating spherical wave dissipated in its intensity as it propagated outbound such that the initial deceleration of the Apeiron field was intense enough to decelerate the Apeiron field down to the speed of light, but then the wave intensity dissipated such that further out Apeiron wasn't decelerated down to the speed of light resulting in Apeiron with a wave frequency speed that is faster than the speed of light, and that Apeiron is the Dark Matter?“
Submitted to Brian Greene at Columbia University.
https://www.briangreene.org/contact/
A One-Page Summary That Encompasses The Origin and Evolution of Our Universe.
An Apeiron Cycle Hypothesis where the Universe exists within a sea of Apeiron just like fish exist in a sea of water, and just like water transforms into a solid when its temperature is lowered, likewise, the Apeiron becomes quantized and transforms into particles when its wave frequency speed is decelerated down to the speed of light.
Why is our Universe is composed of ≈4.9% Normal Matter and ≈26.8% Dark Matter and ≈68.3% Dark Energy.
Before Inflation and the Hot Big Bang there were no photons, there was no light, and there was no "speed of light" limit.
What if the Cosmos is composed of a "something" that has a wave frequency speed faster than the speed of light? Let that "something" be called Apeiron. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apeiron)
What if ≈13.8 billion years ago there occurred a "quantum fluctuation" in the Apeiron field causing an instant of Apeiron to decelerate down to the speed of light resulting in the Apeiron field to be quantized into particles?
What if that instant of deceleration also initiated a chain reaction of adjoining Apeiron to also decelerate down to the speed of light causing an outbound propagating spherical wave leaving behind in its wake a hot sea of vibrating particles (Inflation)?
What if the outbound propagating spherical wave dissipated in its intensity as it propagated outbound such that the initial deceleration of the Apeiron field was intense enough to decelerate the Apeiron field down to the speed of light, but then the wave intensity dissipated such that further out Apeiron wasn't decelerated down to the speed of light resulting in Apeiron with a wave frequency speed that is faster than the speed of light, and that Apeiron is the Dark Matter?
What if the Black Holes at the center of Galaxies is the acceleration of Normal Matter back into Apeiron, which is causing the Expansion of the Universe?
Evolution of the Universe - Graphic
Expansion of The Universe began with formation of Galaxies.
https://149842070.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/The-Universe-Through-Time-Timeline-Infographic.jpg
https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/060915/060915_CMB_Timeline300.jpg
https://astronuclphysics.info/Gravit5-EvoluceVesmiru.gif
https://www.fizzics.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2-Explaining-the-development-of-the-universe.png
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/1a/be/f4/1abef44e6ca73c9efefdefd3f4bfd603.jpg
The measure of greatness in a scientific idea is the extent to which it stimulates thought and opens up new lines of research.
- P. A. Dirac
Does the image of the Cosmic Microwave Background show just the 4.9% of Normal Matter (The Standard Model of Particle Physics) that the Universe is composed of?
Do the Laws of Nature, Laws of Classical Physics, and Laws of Quantum Physics apply to just the 4.9% of Normal Matter?
Image of The Cosmic Microwave Background:
https://www.esa.int/var/esa/storage/images/esa_multimedia/images/2018/07/planck_s_view_of_the_cosmic_microwave_background/17601794-1-eng-GB/Planck_s_view_of_the_cosmic_microwave_background_pillars.jpg
Composition of The Universe:
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12307
Our Universe exists in a sea of Apeiron (see Anaximander) just like fish exist in a sea of water, and just like water transforms into a solid when its temperature is lowered, likewise the Apeiron becomes quantized and transforms into the Standard Model of Particle Physics when its wave frequency speed is decelerated down to the speed of light.
When the temperature of water decreases, the water transforms into a solid called ice, and that decreases the quantity of liquid water.
When the temperature increases the solid called ice is transformed back into water increasing the quantity of water.
When the Apeiron decelerates down to the speed of light the Apeiron becomes quantized and transforms into solids called “The Standard Model of Particle Physics,” and that decreases the quantity of Apeiron.
When “The Standard Model of Particle Physics” are accelerated and condensed in a Black Hole back into Apeiron, the quantity of Apeiron is increased.
The increase in Apeiron being created in Black Holes is the “substance” that is causing the expansion of the Universe, just like raisin bread dough in an oven expands causing the raisins to spread further apart.
Note: “The Standard Model of Particle Physics” refers to Apeiron whose wave frequency speed has been decelerated down to the speed of light. Black Holes accelerate “The Standard Model of Particle Physics” back into Apeiron with a wave frequency speed that is faster than the speed of light.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apeiron
Wave-Particle Duality
Is all matter made up of both particles and waves?
Wave-particle duality is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, which is our modern theory of how subatomic particles behave. The duality states that all particles (in fact, all objects) have a wave-like property associated with them.
In 1924, French physics doctoral student Louis de Broglie proposed that matter has a wave-like property.
https://www.livescience.com/wave-particle-duality
A Brief Guide to Quantum Model of Atom
https://youtu.be/-4-TJMhGlX8?si=1BqZPCP2RWCU-iLA
Grand Unification Theory of Science and Religion: God as Apeiron
Sean Carroll:
Assume a “Spherical Cow” called Apeiron with a pre-Big Bang wave frequency speed that is many times faster than the speed of light….
The faster the wave frequency speed, the greater the wave energy.
Relationship Between Wavelength, Frequency and Energy
https://ftloscience.com/wavelength-frequency-energy/
Wave Speed Equation:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zwgj7yc/revision/4
Light Energy Formula:
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/light-energy/